Causes of leg swelling
Leg swelling has many possible causes, including venous insufficiency, deep vein thrombosis, lymphatic disorders, heart, kidney or liver disease and some medicines. Finding the source of the swelling is therefore important.
What is lymphoedema?
Lymphoedema is fluid build-up in the tissues because the lymphatic system, which collects tissue fluid, is not working well enough. It can be present from birth or develop after surgery, radiotherapy, infection or injury.
- Swelling that usually starts in one leg
- Swelling that may involve the top of the foot and toes
- Heaviness and tightness
- Skin thickening at later stages
Assessment and treatment
Alongside the examination, Doppler ultrasound may be used to look for vein-related causes. Lymphoedema treatment combines compression, manual lymphatic drainage, skin care and exercise.
When to seek help immediately
Sudden swelling of one leg with pain, redness or warmth may be a sign of deep vein thrombosis and should be assessed without delay. If breathlessness or chest pain occurs, call 112 (emergency services).
Related pages
Frequently asked questions
Is every swollen leg lymphoedema?
No. Swelling can also come from the veins, heart, kidneys or medicines; the cause is identified at the examination.
Why is compression important in lymphoedema?
Compression helps reduce fluid build-up in the tissues and keep swelling under control.
